Pola dan Dinamika Penafsiran Buya Hamka dalam Tafsir al-Azhar: Kajian Atas Ayat-Ayat Tema Berbeda

Abstract

Tafsir al-Azhar by Buya Hamka is one of the monumental exegetical works in the Nusantara that possesses distinctive characteristics in its interpretive methodology. This article examines the patterns and dynamics of Hamka's interpretation with a focus on the consistency of his methodological approach when dealing with verses of different themes. Through analysis of six representative verses covering the themes of creed (QS. al-Fātihah: 1-2), social issues (QS. an-Nisā': 36-38), family law (QS. an-Nisā': 34), politics (QS. Ali 'Imran: 159), economics (QS. al-Baqarah: 275), and tolerance (QS. al-Hujurat: 13), this study finds that Hamka consistently applies a methodological framework based on a combination of naql and 'aql (bi al-iqtirān), the tahlīlī method with tartīb 'Uthmānī, and the adābī ijtima'ī style imbued with Indonesian nuances. However, interpretive dynamics occur, marked by changes in focus, dominant reference types, tone, and levels of caution according to the theme of the verses being interpreted. This dynamic is particularly evident in sensitive issues such as family law, where Hamka demonstrates extra caution with strict limitations, while on political and economic issues he appears more critical and straightforward. This study concludes that Hamka's consistency lies not in the similarity of interpretive content, but in the similarity of methodological framework and moderate attitude that is consistently maintained across themes. These findings contribute to the development of an evaluative framework for methodology in Nusantara exegesis studies, particularly in examining the consistency of a commentator's method across various thematic verses.